The playwright's first play, A Stormy Night, well received by Junimea and published in 1879 in Convorbiri literare (in which all his plays were published), received, at its premiere, not insignificant attacks. After three years of collaboration, Caragiale withdrew from Timpul in July 1881, but the committee of the National Theatre of Iași, chaired by Iacob Negruzzi, appointed him stage director, a post the playwright refused. He frequently attended meetings of the Junimii, and at the meeting in March 1884, in the presence of Alecsandri, he confessed his preference for Eminescu's poems. On 6 October he read O scrisoare pierdută (A Lost Letter) at the anniversary of the Junim in Iași, which was premiered on 13 November to great acclaim in the presence of the Queen. In 1888 Titu Maiorescu appointed him director of the National Theatre in Bucharest and prefaced his volume of Theatre (1899) with a study entitled Comediile d'I. L. Caragiale. On 9 May 1892, Caragiale presented a lecture at the Athenaeum entitled Gaște și gâște literare, against the Junimii, which, together with the article Două note, led to his break with Titu Maiorescu and the end of his collaboration with Convorbiri literare. On 18 November 1895, Petre P. Negulescu wrote to Simion Mehedinți that he had obtained from Titu Maiorescu a request for Caragiale's collaboration with Convorbiri literare, without, however, resuming personal relations between the critic and the author of the article Two notes. Caragiale resumed contact with Titu Maiorescu only on 15 February 1908, when he sent him a birthday card.
Caragiale enjoyed great respect among all artists and activists for the national cause. In this regard, a few lines from a letter that Vasile Goldiș sent to him on 26 February 1911, during his collaboration with Românul, are enlightening: "Perhaps you cannot even realize what a great service you have done to our national cause. May you help us now with your lion-like strength to victory. Write to us. Either articles of substance, or a literary sketch, or, in short, anything, as long as it comes from Caragiale's soul and the name Caragiale is mentioned. That's all we need and our victory is certain." During this time, in Brasov, Andrei Bârseanu introduced Caragiale's work into his teaching and into the annual events of the Students' Reading Society. Among the activists of the Romanian cultural societies in Transylvania who knew Caragiale were Valeriu Braniște, George Moroianu and Zaharia Bârsan, the latter even writing an article dedicated to Caragiale on his 25th anniversary of literary activity (1901): "It is gratifying to see this affection from the public, especially in the Romanian country where the work of writers is so ungratefully rewarded."